The AT T Breakup free essay sample

Causes of divestiture effects on firm public. Background, competition, five segments after breakup, merger activity, advertising promotion, economics services. ATT (formerly American Telephone and Telegraph) is the worlds largest telecommunications company providing services, products and systems to consumers, businesses, governments and other telecommunication companies. At one time, AT had the broadest, most advanced communications network in the world, and created Bell Labs, a premier manufacturer of telecommunications equipment. In 1984, AT was forced to divest into separate businesses; the company rebuilt its business to include long distance, computers and manufacturing. In late 1995, the company announced that it would divest into three separate companies along its business unit lines. This research examines the conditions which led to the 1984 breakup, and whether that divestiture benefited the American public.

Logic and Perception Essay

Logic and Perception Essay Free Online Research Papers What is the nature of logic and perception? The first step is to discover the meaning of logic and perception to understand nature and how it relates to critical thinking. According to Dictionary.com Unabridged, the meaning of logic is â€Å"the system or principles of reasoning applicable to any branch of knowledge or study (2006).† According to The American Heritage Dictionary, the meaning of perception is â€Å"insight, intuition, or knowledge gained by perceiving (2006).† Continuing on is my experience with how my perception of a real situation was far from the actual reality, what I thought was going on, what was truly going on, why there was a difference, what I learned, and how my critical thinking process changed. From what I have experienced in pregnancy was far from the actual reality that I perceived. I have been with my boyfriend, Dean, for almost eight years now and our relationship has been one hell of a ride. Dean already has a 10-year-old daughter from his previous relationship and he would always hint to me that he wanted a son. The thought of having children freaked me out and I always wanted to get married first. All my friends have children and they are single parents, I want my children to grow up with their real mother and father as I did. Dean and I also fought a great deal and I did not think Dean and I were ready to make such a commitment. Finally, I gave in thinking maybe a baby would bring us closer and help us grow out of our immature lifestyles. July 16, 2008, was the day I found out I was pregnant and gave my boyfriend the good news, and he was ecstatic. During my first trimester, Dean was very supportive and so good to me that I could not have been happier. I had a set schedule, I would go to work Monday through Friday, come home and clean the house, cook dinner, and wait for Dean to come home from work, except Monday nights when I had to go to school. I did things I never thought I would see myself doing. Dean and I were beginning to have a normal relationship. As I fell into six months of pregnancy, things started to change. Dean began to drink almost every night with his friends, come home late if he even came home, and acted careless and grouchy towards me all the time. He did not help me get things ready for the baby, I did practically everything myself. I was beginning to think maybe he was losing interest in me because my body was changing or maybe his plan was to get me pregnant so that he could lock me down. All I knew was that I was beginning to feel depressed, emotional, and unhappy with myself. It was starting to affect my school and job performance. In December, I packed my things and moved to my parent’s house. I needed to clear my head, and I needed to talk to someone who has been through what I was going through, like my mother. She had me write down the things Dean and I would fight about and how I handled those situations. When I retaliate during arguments, I tend to yell, say stupid things, use the silent treatment, or pack my things and leave. I would overreact on little things and I would blame everything on Dean. I guess my personal perceptual block was that I needed to change. I spent so much time pointing out his mistakes that I did not realize my own. I am now eight months pregnant and Dean and I are doing much better. As soon as Dean began to notice that I was making an effort to change, I started to notice a change in him. He now takes me to all my doctor appointments, he spends more time with me, he has been very productive, and Dean and I hardly get into any arguments. I am juggling work, school, and pregnancy and I am doing just fine. Things are truly starting to come together and so is the beginning of a new life and a family. My experience with this pregnancy has made me into a much more responsible and matured adult. I am doing things I never thought I would be doing like grocery shopping, cooking dinner every night, cleaning and washing clothes, like a housewife. Before this, I was lazy, my attitude was very childish, I did not cook, I would not go home after work, and I would always pick fights with Dean. Before I became pregnant, I drank and partied with my friends every week just to avoid problems at home but little did I know, I was adding to the problems. I have learned to deal with issues differently and for the better, like talking nicely or writing letters to express my feelings instead of yelling. Taking short walks or short drives to calm down helps too instead of packing my things and disappearing all the time. Things are now clearer to me regarding the nature of logic and perception and how it relates to critical thinking. Making assumptions and judgments on situations before experiencing them is easy but going through the experiences is learning the truth. I never knew what a big impact pregnancy would have on my life until now. Having children use to be the last thing on my mind but now that I am having one, I could not be more anxious and excited. I am growing and so is my relationship that I thought would eventually end. I have also come to realize through my experience is that people should not wait for others to change; the only person they can change is themselves. Reference Logic.(n.d.). Dictionary.com Unabridged (v1.1). Retrieved February 18, 2009, from Dictionary.com website: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/logic Perception.(n.d.). The American Heritage ® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Retrieved February 18, 2009, from Dictionary.com website: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/perception Research Papers on Logic and Perception EssayThe Damnable Life of FaustYear Round SchoolingImpact of Breast CancerBooker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells-BarnettThe Old Man and the Sea EssayLife After Death Personal EssayProbation OfficersThe Broken FamilyAlternative Dispute Resolution ClauseThe Story of Beatrix Potter

The Alhambra in Granada Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Alhambra in Granada - Term Paper Example Alhambra in Granada is an important work of Muslim art in Europe that needs to be unfolded. For centuries, it has charmed visitors with its equipped walls, pointed arches, towers, attractive flourishes, carvings, and stunning gardens. The monument in Granada was created in the thirteen century by a Muslim ruler Nasrid Emirs of Granada, Spain (Allsop 2011). The name of the castle was originated from an Arabic  source. The name refers to the fact  that the shade of the towers and walls that enclose  the complete  hill  of are silver in night and  gold in daylight. The given name of Alhambra  has a meaning of  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Red or Crimson Castle† (Fogarty 2007). The dimension of the hill where the Alhambra is situated has a length of 740m (2430 ft). The highest breadth is 205m (574 ft) in width. The monument is based on a large area of 142,000 square meters. Darro is a river which flows from the north and functions to separate the plateau and the Albican district of Grana da (Hernandez et al 2010). The construction of the palace was initiated by the Arabs who were highly impressed by the work of the Romans. This motivated them to expand and add new foundations to roads and cities.  In9th century the construction of Alhambra was subsequently started in Sabika Hill, though it is believed that in Roman times and even before there was not any structure that massive. The Cordova civil war resulted in the taking over of the state by a new Caliph and the first important step that was the movement of the capital from Elvira to Granada. This step was taken in the eleventh century during the time of the Zirid Dynasty. The initiation of the fifteenth century was marked by the occupancy by the Ziries in Alcazaba Cadima, or current castle, situated within the Albayzin region and was made part of King Dar-al-Horra’s Palace. The town of Granada started prospering from the bottom of the hill where initially Jews were settled. Vizier Samuel ibn Naghrela star ted the construction and rebuilt the deserted skeleton situated on the Sabikah Hill and started work on the Alhambra to make it his castle (EdicionesEdilux S.L 2007). In twelfth century the succeeding attacks of Almoravides and Almohades in Granada came to a halt following violent and blood-spattered fights in the  Alcazaba Del Albayzin  and in the castle of Alhambra, which was the safe haven for the Andalusians as well as the Borth African attackers (Allsop 2011). Ahmar ibn Nasir was the initiator of the Nasrid Dynasty. He used to live at the Alcazaba of the Albayzin. Ahmar was highly concerned with regard to the demolished structure of the Alhambra and he decided to rebuilt the palace and use it as his court. Ahmar was aware of the high status of the Alhambra as kings and sultans had used this palace and lived in it. He raised the status of the place and the high ups and the kings of Nasrid Dynasty maintained the trend and the Alhambra was therefore marked to be the residence of the privileged people. The Alhambra maintained its privilege throughout the tenure of the Nasrid Dynasty. The Dynasty eventually came to an end in the fifteenth century (EdicionesEdilux S.L 2007). Some sources believe that there is no evidence to the Alhambra being held as a residence of kings until the thirteen century, but still

I don't know Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

I don't know - Lab Report Example ording to Daly (1996, p.78), many worksites are increasingly adopting the use of new technologies and innovative corporate practices to reduce consumption and achieve sustainability. This paper discuses my voluntary worksite experience at Red Cross with particular focus on the aspects of technology and international development as they relate to sustainability. My chosen worksite for volunteer field work experience was Red Cross, and I spent twenty hours working in the organization as a sales team research assistant. American Red Cross was established in 1880s as an independent and neutral humanitarian organization which was dedicated to helping people across the United States. Clara Barton and the other prominent founders of the organization were particularly inspired by the need to help people and save lives following the American Civil War (Moorehead, 1998, p.134). As an affiliation of the international Red Cross movement, the American Red Cross is a non profit organization whose primary humanitarian mission is to provide emergency assistance, disaster relief as well as protect the lives and dignity of victims of violence and wars. According to Gilbo (1987, p.36), American Red Cross currently boasts a nationwide network of nearly 650 chapters and 36 blood donation centers, which are dedicated to protecting and saving lives as well as helping communities to prevent, respond to and prepare for emergencies. Being one of the largest volunteer based humanitarian organizations in the world, Red Cross has adopted a number of technologies and international development strategies that ensure it achieves sustainability in its goals to improve humanitarian standards, saving lives and guaranteeing disaster preparedness. I performed a number of duties during my twenty hours of work at Red Cross as a volunteer sales research team member. My worksite setting not only provided me with an opportunity to work with different technologies but also enabled me to appreciate the

Mannerism and Post Impressionism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mannerism and Post Impressionism - Essay Example The essay "Mannerism and Post Impressionism" investigates mannerism and post-impressionism. Mannerist art began movement as an artistic concern sculpture and painting. Paintings like the Assumption of the Virgin or the deposition and Entombment indicate the passage of time. In addition; mannerist technique also developed a style to differentiate between the divine and the earthly. From the painting line controlling color accepted in the 15th century, the line art was substituted with delicate intonation of tone. The types were less tangible and clearly defined. Generally, line art appealed to the intellect however color appealed to the emotions. During the era of Renaissance, space was clearly described in architecture and art. Nevertheless, in Mannerism, borders were blurred and â€Å"no clear surface to act as a point of reference for the projecting and receding architectural elements†. Immediately as the space in architecture and painting began to cease, the individual art forms were combined. It was feasible to make use of a combination of sculptural, architectural and painting elements as Correggio did when he decorated the Camera de S Paolo at the monastery of S Paolo in Parma. Subjective and anti-classicism expression was characteristic of mannerist paintings. A key component was the distortion of the human figure to make it more communicative. Generally, the art theory during the mannerist period â€Å"was concerned with aesthetic problems instead of the empirical problems of anatomy, proportion and perspective†.

The Nestle Organistional Chart

The Nestle Organistional Chart According to Louis A. Allen as cited anon, Organisation is the process of identifying and grouping the work to be performed, defining and delegating responsibility and authority, and establishing relationship for the purpose of enabling people to work most effectively together in accomplishing objectives. According to Mooney and Railey, Organisation is the form of every human association for the attainment of a common purpose. In short, organizing is the determining, grouping and arranging of the various activities deemed necessary for the attainment of the objectives, the assigning of people to those activities, the providing of suitable physical factors of environment and the indicating of the relative authority delegated to each individual charged with the execution of each respective activity. (Anon.n.d) ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE The typically hierarchical arrangement of lines of authority, communications, rights and duties of an organization. Organizational structure determines how the roles, power and responsibilities are assigned, controlled, and coordinated, and how information flows between the different levels of management. Formal and informal organization A formal organization structure shows a recognisable chain of command, it also has many levels of management. This makes communication slower and decision making harder to implement. An informal structure is much more relaxed, with very few levels of management. This makes communication much easier between levels and decisions anr made faster. (Anon.n.d) Centralization and de-centralization Centralized organizational structures rely on one individual to make decisions and provide direction for the company. Small businesses often use this structure since the owner is responsible for the companys business operations. Decentralized organizational structures often have several individuals responsible for making business decisions and running the business. Decentralized organizations rely on a team environment at different levels in the business. Individuals at each level in the busi. (Osmond Vitez, Demand Media. (2009).) Span of control The number of subordinates that a manager or supervisor can directly control. This number varies with the type of work: complex, variable work reduces it to six, whereas routine, fixed work increases it to twenty or more.( http://www.businessdictionary.com) Product Structure The product structure describes the information thats needed, or is produced, at each phase of the lifecycle. The workflow is defined as a set of tasks, characterised by resources, events, associated information, responsibilities, decision criteria, procedures to be used, and standards to be applied (Product Lifecycle Management,2011) Advantages 1. allows the business to make relatively quick decisions, and locate all personnel related to each other together 2. Clear focus on market segment helps meet customers needs. 3. Positive competition between divisions 4. Better control as each division can act as a separate profit centre Disadvantages: Redundancies often exist across product organizations as functional responsibilities are duplicated under each product organization. Economies of scale and scope are more difficult to achieve as this organization structure encourages less cooperation and coordination across the product units. Regional structure: One which takes account of the exclusive membership of countries which are geographical neighbours and identify closely with each other politically, not including non-regional members, although there are also quasi-regional organisations whose membership is basically limited to a geographical area of interest but which in practice includes non-regional members (The Structure and Process of International Law: Essays in Legal Philosophy, Doctrine, and Theory,1983) Advantages: The country organization is capable of sensing and understanding local conditions and is able to formulate strategies which effectively meet the needs of local stakeholders. Policies in areas such as human resource management can be tailored to meet the needs and expectations of local employees, product mix and design can be optimized for local conditions, and the organization can respond more quickly to changing circumstances on the ground. Disadvantages: The disadvantages of the area structure are similar to those of the product structure. Economies of scale will be harder to achieve as different localities develop and implement very different product strategies on one hand, and invest resources in developing local functional expertise and effort which may well be duplicated unnecessarily across geographic units. Function Structure: A functional structure is based on the primary tasks that have to be carried out, such as production, finance and accounting, marketing and personnel. This structure is typically found in smaller companies or those with a narrow, rather than diverse, range of services (Managing Projects, Managing People,2008) Advantages Specialization each department focuses on its own work Accountability someone is responsible for the section Clarity know your and others roles Disadvantages Closed communication could lead to lack of focus Departments can become resistant to change Coordination may take too long Gap between top and bottom Matrix Structure A matrix structure is a combination of structures.it often takes the form of product and geographical divisions of functional and divisional structures operation in tandem (Managing Projects, Managing People,2008) Advantages: The matrix allows functional efficiencies to be achieved while also allowing for the management of discrete product lines. Product managers remain focused on specific customer and product issues, yet can tap into the specialized support systems offered by strong functions. Where a geographic dimension is included in the structure, country managers or other local personnel can devote their attention to the development of location specific strategies. Communication and information sharing may be facilitated through the multiple dimensions. Disadvantages: The matrix is complex and often involves additional coordination costs. Confusion and ambiguity may result from multiple reporting relationships as a single individual may receive conflicting direction from their various supervisors. Multidivisional Structure These divisions may be formed because of products, services, geographical areas or the processes of the organisation (Managing Projects, Managing People,2008) Advantages: Profitable growth: when each division is its own profit centre, individual profitability can be clearly evaluated Internal labor market: the most able divisional managers are promoted to become corporate managers Disadvantages Managing the corporate-divisional relationship: finding the balance between centralization and decentralization Coordination problems between divisions: divisions start competing for resources and rivalry prevents cooperation CULTURE Culture is the collective programming of the human mind that distinguishes the members of one human group from those of another (Foreign Market Entry and Culture,2009) Types of Culture Handys culture types (1978) The theorist Charles Handy identified the four main types of culture. Power culture wherever power is concentrated in a leader or top of the management team. Quite informal and flexible, it allows trusted staff to get on with the job. Role culture where the authority is arranged in a hierarchy and the power depends on formal status. Many rules and procedures can make change difficult. It is Mostly seen in large bureaucratic organizations. Task culture is purpose- and project-driven with leadership based on expertise for the task in hand. Often copes well with rapid change but may lack overall cohesion. Person culture stresses the individuals right to make decisions with shared rules only for mutual benefit. Effective for professionals and independent workers such as lawyers but may break up as conditions change. ((Kim Ann Zimmermann. (2012)) NESTLE ORGANISTIONAL CHART Functional Organization Chart Product http://www.nestle.com/asset-library/Documents/Library/Documents/Corporate_Governance/Oganisation_generale_externe_december_2012.pdf http://www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/sustainability/sustainabilityreports/download/2012/2012_sustainability_rpt.pdf BIBLOGRAPHY Anon. (n.d). Definition, Meaning Characteristic of Organisation . Available: http://www.publishyourarticles.net/knowledge-hub/business-studies/organisation.html. Last accessed 9th Februray 2013. Anon. (n.d). Definition of formal and informal organization?. Available: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Definition_of_formal_and_informal_organization. Last accessed 9th Feburary 2013. Osmond Vitez, Demand Media. (2009). Centralized Vs. Decentralized Organizational Structure. Available: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/centralized-vs-decentralized-organizational-structure-2785.html. Last accessed 9th Februray 2013. Kim Ann Zimmermann. (2012). What is Culture? Definition of Culture. Available: http://www.livescience.com/21478-what-is-culture-definition-of-culture.html. Last accessed 27TH FEBURARY 2013. Anon. (2012). regional structure. Available: http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept?ns=1cp=7080. Last accessed 3rd march 2013. Anon. (2013). functional organization. Available: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/functional-organization.html. Last accessed 3rd march 2013. David Parker, Michael Craig, Michael A. Craig (2008). Managing Projects, Managing People. Australia : Macmillan Education AU. 23-26. Thomas Wagner (2009). Foreign Market Entry and Culture. Germany: GRIN Verlag. 2

The Odyssey :: essays research papers fc

Homer’s poem The Odyssey depicts the tendency of people to ignore the consequences of their actions. Odysseus punished Penelope’s suitors without thinking of consequences that he would have to endure. He did not acknowledge the consequences because that would prevent him from doing what he wants to do. Odysseus wanted to kill the suitors; they ate away at his fortune. Finding consequences for murdering the suitors would force Odysseus to realize what he is about to do is not a good idea. Odysseus chose to ignore the consequences and killed the suitors anyway. Odysseus had absolutely no reason to kill the suitors; they had the right to stay in his home because Penelope made them feel welcome, Penelope and Telemachus both told them that Odysseus was dead, and although Telemachus told them to leave, he did not have the right to do so. Throughout the poem, Penelope encourages the suitors to stay in her home by making them think they are welcome. With Odysseus gone Penelope chooses whom she hosts in the great palace. Penelope does hate the suitors but she never once tells them to leave. She even makes the suitors think that she would be choosing her new husband soon and in this way she makes them feel welcome in her home. Antinous, a suitor, responds to accusations Telemachus made to the suitors at an assembly. It’s not the suitors here who deserve the blame, It’s your own dear mother [Penelope], the matchless queen of cunning. Look here. For three years now, getting on to four, she’s played it fast and loose with all our hearts, building each man’s hopes- dangling promises, dropping hints to each- but all the while with something else in mind. (2.94-100) Penelope makes each individual suitor feel special and makes him believe that she would pick him as her new husband. This action implies not only that she allowed the suitors to remain in her household, but more importantly that she wanted the suitors to stay. Therefore, Penelope’s speech and actions toward the suitors justified their remaining in the home. Statements made by Telemachus and Penelope about Odysseus’ whereabouts leads the suitors to believe that he is deceased and, therefore, that Penelope is single and ready to court once again. When a woman is widowed, she begins trying to find a new husband and single men come to court the woman. Since Penelope and Telemachus tell the suitors that Odysseus is dead, the suitors have the right to stay and court Penelope.

Use Of Bone Marrow Transplants Health And Social Care Essay

The bone marrow is a sponge-like tissue found in the centre of certain castanetss that contains root cells that are the precursors of ruddy blood cells ( red blood cells ) that carry O to the tissues in the organic structure, white blood cells ( leucocytes ) that aid battle infections and to assistance in the immune system and thrombocytes which help with blood curdling. Each of these cells plays a important function in the organic structure by keeping normal physiological map. The bone marrow is a critical portion of the human organic structure. A bone marrow graft is when particular cells ( called root cells ) that are usually found in the bone marrow are taken out, filtered, and given back either to the same individual or to another individual. It involves pull outing bone marrow incorporating normal root cells or peripheral root cells from a healthy giver, and reassigning it to a receiver whose organic structure can non fabricate proper measures of normal blood cells. Infusion of haematopoietic root cells from oneself or another individual normally follows high dose chemotherapy and/or irradiation. The end of the graft is to reconstruct the receiver ‘s blood cells and immune system and hopefully bring around the implicit in disease In patients with leukaemia, aplastic anaemia, and some immune lack diseases, the root cells in the bone marrow have malfunction, bring forthing an inordinate figure of faulty or immature blood cells as in the instance of leukaemia or low blood cell counts in the instance of aplastic anaemia. The immature or faulty blood cells interfere with the production of normal blood cells, accumulate in the blood stream and may occupy other tissues so bone marrow graft enables the doctors to handle these diseases with aggressive chemotherapy and/or radiation by leting replacing of the morbid or damaged bone marrow after the chemotherapy/radiation intervention. While bone marrow grafts do non supply 100 per centum confidence that the disease will non repeat, a graft can increase the likeliness of a remedy or at least prolong the period of disease-free endurance for many patients. Bone marrow organ transplant is an effectual intervention for a assortment of haematological tumors, furnace lining lymphoma, and some solid tumours. An increasing figure of bone marrow grafts are performed every twelvemonth. The therapy has been used to rectify a assortment of marrow failure provinces, congenital mistakes of metamorphosis, immune lacks, haematological malignances, and even solid tumours. The first successful grafts were performed with root cells derived from the marrow of indistinguishable twins ( syngeneic organ transplant ) ; nevertheless, application of organ transplant therapy broadened with the usage of root cells obtained from either related or unrelated givers ( allogeneic organ transplant ) appropriately matched at the human leucocyte antigens ( HLA ) , or even with a patient ‘s ain root cells ( autologous organ transplant. Deciding on type of BMT depends on type and phase of disease, handiness of root cells, age, public presentation position and the c linical status of patient Bone marrow organ transplant is required in the sense that is to remedies many diseases and malignant neoplastic diseases. When a kid ‘s bone marrow has been damaged or destroyed due to a disease or intense interventions of radiation or chemotherapy for malignant neoplastic disease, a marrow graft may be needed to rectify the abnormalcy. It is besides required to replace morbid, non-functioning bone marrow with healthy working bone marrow ( for conditions such as leukaemia, aplastic anaemia, and reaping hook cell anaemia ) . It is besides indispensable to replace the bone marrow and reconstruct its normal map after high doses of chemotherapy or radiation are given to handle a malignance in a procedure called â€Å" deliverance † which is usually used for diseases such as lymphoma, neuroblastoma, and chest malignant neoplastic disease. The procedure is besides of import in the replacing of bone marrow with genetically healthy working bone marrow to forestall farther harm from a familial disease procedure. Literature reappraisal Bone marrow organ transplant ( BMT ) or haematopoietic root cell organ transplant ( HSCT ) is a medical process in the field of haematology and oncology that involves organ transplant of haematopoietic root cells ( HSC ) .It is most frequently performed for people with diseases of the blood or bone marrow, or certain types of malignant neoplastic disease. Transplant of either allogenic or autologous bone marrow has become an progressively applied and successful therapy for patients with haematological malignances and certain solid tumours. BMT is an illustration of a extremely proficient therapy that offers hope to patients with bone marrow failure or assorted malignances. Bone marrow organ transplant is much more dearly-won â€Å" up-front † but possibly non more dearly-won long-run than alternate therapies. Over the past 40 old ages, bone marrow organ transplant and haematopoietic root cell organ transplant have been used with increasing frequence to handle legion malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Post-World War II â€Å" Cold War † frights of atomic warfare stimulated involvement in the effects of radiation on the human organic structure. Early surveies with animate beings has shown that bone marrow was the organ most sensitive to the detrimental effects of radiation and for that ground the reinfusion of marrow cells was used to deliver lethally irradiated animate beings. In one survey done in 1950s, patients were given deadly doses of radiation to handle leukaemia and many had haematological recovery following this intervention, but finally all patients succumbed to get worse of their malignances or to infections. In the 1950s and 1960s, about 200 allogeneic marrow grafts were performed in worlds, with no long-run successes. However, during this clip, organ transplant utiliz ing indistinguishable twin givers has brought a just sum of success and provided a important foundation to go on clinical research in the field. Hematopoietic root cell organ transplant remains a hazardous process with many possible complications ; it has traditionally been reserved for patients with dangerous diseases. While on occasion used by experimentation in nonmalignant and nonhematologic indicants such as terrible disenabling auto-immune disease and cardiovascular, the hazard of fatal complications appears excessively high to derive wider credence. Although economic analyses appear comparatively simple, reading and usage can be debatable. Several economic analyses have identified complications that occur often and impact the reported cost-effectiveness of high-dose chemotherapy. Attempts to cut down the cost of bone marrow organ transplant have focused on new schemes to more efficaciously command these complications. The debut of new engineerings to rush engraftment, to better patient choice methods, and the shifting of attention to outpatient scenes all have resulted in important decreases in continuance of infirmary stay, treatment-related mortality, and costs. More surveies of long-run results are needed for graft and non graft intervention options to steer present and future applications of this intervention option. Expanded indicants for graft continue to be explored. Preliminary information suggest a possible function for graft in the intervention of autoimmune diseases such as lupus, multiple induration, systemic induration, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. In add-on, in utero graft holds promise for early rectification of familial disease, with some success already demonstrated with the immunodeficiency syndromes. The accent of current research is chiefly directed at diminishing toxicity and GVHD while increasing the pool of possible givers by developing techniques to traverse the traditional HLA histocompatability barriers more successfully. Grafts are performed with increasing grades of mismatch. With the promotions in techniques, indicants, and supportive therapy, the graft of haematopoietic root cells continues to be an forward field in the intervention of human disease. Once a disease procedure has been identified and graft is considered as a possible therapy, an appropriate giver must be identified. The best possible lucifer consequences in the least complications. For allogeneic grafts, HLA histocompatability typewriting is performed for immediate household members ab initio utilizing serologic typewriting. Fully matched household members provide the most compatible lucifers because they frequently portion minor HLA antigens non normally included in proving. Before undergoing BMT, patients should undergo a series of trials and processs for testing and readying based on the patient ‘s disease procedure and medical history. There is besides pre-transplant instruction where graft squad and the patient meet to discourse the consequences of the testing, intervention options and the intervention program. Transplant conditioning is the done with the chief purpose of destructing unnatural cells or malignant neoplastic disease cells throughout the pa tient ‘s organic structure utilizing conditioning regimen which consist of chemotherapy, radiation therapy or both. The crop processs for autologous or allogeneic BMT are similar and are depended on the undermentioned factors: The patient ‘s physical status, donor handiness and insurance blessing. The BMT process involves three stages. In the first stage, enduring 5 to 14 yearss, the bone marrow receiver is prepared for the transplant and immunosuppressive and cytotoxic chemotherapy are administered and irradiation is used to enable the receiver to accept the transplant, to forestall transplant rejection, and in instances of acute leukaemia to extinguish residuary leukaemia. In the 2nd stage, bone marrow is from the giver is intravenously administered to the transplant receiver. Donors and receivers of bone marrow grafts must hold HLA compatability. The 3rd stage involves a period of waiting for the bone marrow to ingraft and work usually in the receiver. During the clip required for engraftment, the transplant receiver is vulnerable to infection, hemorrhage, terrible weight loss, rejection of the transplant, and graft-versus-host disease ( GvHD ) . Some of the posttransplant intervention typically includes cyclosporin A and perchance other chemotherapies to either prevent or dainty transplant versus-host disease ( GVHD ) . The results of the therapy depend on many factors such as: Improvements in supportive attention, antibiotic regimens, and DNA-HLA is associated with favourable result. The patient ‘s province of wellness or stable disease or disease in remittal is associated with better results than those transplanted during a ulterior disease stage or with relapsed disease. Young age at clip of graft and besides CMV-negative position of receiver and giver enhance the likeliness of endurance. The sum of haematopoietic cell dose given at clip of graft may besides rush engraftment and better result though it has an increased hazard of GVHD. Bone marrow organ transplant is one of legion new medical engineerings that have raised complex legal and ethical issues. Laws refering to medical progresss have been passed in response to the demand to decide struggles in judicial sentiments instead than expectancy of those issues which impinge on single autonomies. Some of the legal and ethical issues are malpractice claims, proving prospective givers for AIDS, sale of bone marrow, informed consent for both giver and receiver, and inquiries that arise when the giver is a kid. Pre-counseling is done to the patient prior to any intercession since information helps the patients in the undermentioned ways: To build positive attitudes in relation to the disease, enables a better response to the state of affairs, facilitates patient ‘s effectual engagement in the determination devising procedure and future programs and besides plays a important or cardinal function in wellness. Furthermore, the patients have a legal right to be inf ormed about their disease. Decision: The bone marrow is a critical portion of the human organic structure. Bone marrow organ transplant is an effectual intervention for a assortment of haematological tumors, furnace lining lymphoma, and some solid tumours. The most of import cell needed for successful organ transplant is the haematopoietic root cell whose major beginnings are bone marrow, peripheral blood, and cord blood. These can be obtained from assorted givers as either autologous or allogeneic. Deciding on type of BMT depends on type and phase of disease, handiness of root cells, age, public presentation position and the clinical status of patient. The procedure is besides of import in the replacing of bone marrow with genetically healthy working bone marrow to forestall farther harm from a familial disease process.. BMT is an illustration of a extremely proficient therapy that offers hope to patients with bone marrow failure or assorted malignances. Bone marrow organ transplant is much more dearly-won â€Å" up-f ront † but possibly non more dearly-won long-run than alternate therapies. Hematopoietic root cell organ transplant remains a hazardous process with many possible complications ; it has traditionally been reserved for patients with dangerous diseases. The accent of current research is chiefly directed at diminishing toxicity and GVHD while increasing the pool of possible givers by developing techniques to traverse the traditional HLA histocompatability barriers more successfully. With the promotions in techniques, indicants, and supportive therapy, the graft of haematopoietic root cells continues to be an forward field in the intervention of human disease. With the promotions in techniques, indicants, and supportive therapy, the graft of haematopoietic root cells continues to be an forward field in the intervention of human disease. Mentions Frick, E. , Motzke, C. , Fischer, N. , Busch, R. , & A ; Bumeder, I. ( 2005 ) . Is perceived societal support a forecaster of endurance for patients undergoing autologous peripheral blood root cell organ transplant? Psycho-Oncology, 14, 759-770. Holland, J. & A ; Alici, Y. ( 2010 ) . Management of hurt in malignant neoplastic disease patients. Journal of Supportive Oncology, 8 ( 1 ) , 4-12. Jacobsen, P. ( 2009 ) . Promoting evidence-based psychosocial attention for malignant neoplastic disease patients. Psychooncology, 18, 6-13. Jacobsen, P. & A ; Jim, H. ( 2008 ) . Psychosocial intercessions for anxiousness and depression in grownup malignant neoplastic disease patients: accomplishments and challenges. A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 58, 214-230.A NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncologya„? Distress Management ( Version 1.2010 ) . A © 2009 National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Inc. Available at: NCCN.org. Accessed [ Febuary 3, 2010 ] . Ranson, S. , Jacobsen, P. , & A ; Booth-Jones, M. ( 2006 ) . Validation of the hurt thermometer with bone marrow graft patients. Psycho-Oncology, 15, 604-612. Wells, K. , Booth-Jones, M. , & A ; Jacobsen, P. ( 2009 ) . Do get bying and societal support predict depression and anxiousness in patients undergoing hematopoitic root cell organ transplant? Jouranl of Psychosocial Oncology, 27, 297- 315. Williams, S. & A ; Dale, J. ( 2006 ) . The effectivity of intervention for depression/depressive symptoms in grownups with malignant neoplastic disease: a systematic reappraisal. British Journal of Cancer, 94, 372-390.A The usage of allogeneic haematopoietic cell organ transplant ( HCT ) has increased as new techniques have been developed for organ transplant in patients who antecedently would non hold been considered HCT campaigners. However, its efficaciousness continued to be limited by the development of frequent and terrible ague GVHD. The complex and intricate pathophysiology of acute GVHD is a effect of interactions between the giver and host innate and adaptative immune responses. Multiple inflammatory molecules and cell types are implicated in the development of GVHD that can be categorized as: ( 1 ) triggers that initiate GVHD by therapy-induced tissue harm and the antigen disparities between host and transplant tissue ; ( 2 ) detectors that detect the triggers, that is, procedure and present alloantigens ; ( 3 ) go-betweens such as T-cell subsets ( naif, memory, regulative, Th17 and natural slayer T cells ) and ( 4 ) the effecters and amplifiers that cause harm of the mark variety meats. These multiple inflammatory molecules and cell types that are implicated in the development of GVHD have been described with theoretical accounts that use bit-by-bit Cascadess. Herein, we provide a fresh position on the immunobiology of acute GVHD and briefly discuss some of the outstanding inquiries and restrictions of the theoretical account systems. Bone Marrow Transplantation ( 2010 ) 45, 1-11 ; doi:10.1038/bmt.2009.328 ; published online 30November 2009 Fifty old ages ago, Billingham1 identified three requirements for the development of GVHD: ( 1 ) the presence ofimmunocompetent cells in the giver inoculant, ( 2 ) the inability of the receiver to reject the giver cells and ( 3 ) a histocompatibility difference between the giver and receiver. Billingham RE. The biological science of graft-versus-host reactions. Harvey Lect 1966-67 ; 62: 21-78. Some future research waies 1. Impact of type of harm ( programmed cell death V mortification of different cellular subsets ) , specific DAMPs, unfertile redness and complement system. 2. Contribution of host intestine microbiome and the giver immune position. 3. Determine GVHD antigenic repertory, place immunodominant antigens. 4. Understand the function of both professional ( DCs, macrophages ) and semi-professional ( B cells ) giver and host APC subsets, the relevancy and mechanisms of cross-presentation. 5. The mechanisms and function of donor Th distinction, regulative, memory T cell, and NK cell subsets. 6. Functions of specific effecter tracts in doing distinguishable mark organ harm. 7. Determinants of mark organ specificity, the function of mechanisms of fix and neovascularization in the badness of harm. 8. Mechanisms and effect of immunosuppression induced straight by GVHD. 9. Development of an incorporate systems attack for understanding the biological science of GVHD. Biology of ague GVHD S Paczesny et Al 7 BonePatient Education /Curative patient instruction ( TPE )a continous procedure integrated in wellness attention aˆ? patient centred aˆ? adapted to the development of unwellness and patientA?s life-stile aˆ? portion of the long-run direction of unwellness aˆ? structured and organized aˆ? benefited by appropriate pedagogic means* aˆ? multiprofessional, interdisciplinary and intersectonial. *I. Rabbone, 2007 The function of the patient is cardinal in taking attention of himself in order to lend to his conditions and be responsible of his status, and to be a squad resource â€Å" without costs † ( Rabbone I. , 2009 ) . **J. Philips, 1998 Patients have a legal right to be informed about their disease butaˆÂ ¦they assume it is non ever respected ( Visser et al. , 2009 ) . Information is a demand of patients as it allows them: – to build positive attitudes in relation to the disease, – a better response to the state of affairs and – an effectual engagement in the decission doing procedure and hereafter programs aˆ? Information besides has a cardinal function in wellness instruction plans Patient need information about: – Disease – Treatment options – Treatments results – Symptoms – Side effects – Quality of life aˆ? Information should be delivered in an synergistic manner aˆ? Information/education is necessary in all stages of the graft S Setting. Pick a private location. P Perception. Find out how the patient positions the medical state of affairs. I Invitation. Ask whether the patient wants to cognize. K Knowledge. Warn before dropping intelligence. E Empathy. Respond to the patient ‘s emotions. S Strategy/Summary. Once they know, include patients in intervention determinations * W. Baile et Al. â€Å" Out of 5 patients, merely 1 to 2 follow the instructions given by physycians. The others follow a â€Å" ain version † of the therapy and hold their thoughts sing their disease. They will ne'er squeal them. They are incorrect, but who is guilty? † J. P. Assal ( 1999 ) Literature McPherson CJ, et Al. Effective methods of giving information in malignant neoplastic disease: a systematic literature reappraisal of randomized controlled tests. J Public wellness Medecine 2001 ; 23 ( 3 ) : 227-234 aˆ? Thomas R, et Al. Anxiety and depression: consequence on patients ‘ penchants for information following a diagnosing of malignant neoplastic disease. Annalss of Oncology 1998 ; 9: 141 aˆ? Lobb EA, et Al. When the safety cyberspace of intervention has been removed: Patients ‘ unmet demands at the completion of intervention for hematologic malignances. Patient Educ Couns ( 2009 ) ; Department of the Interior: 10.1016/j.pec. 2009.02.005 aˆ? Mank A, et Al. An synergistic Compact disc read-only memory to inform patients about Stem Cell Transplant. Patient Educ Couns 2008 ; 73: 121-126 aˆ? Downs S. Ethical issues in bone marrow organ transplant. Semin Oncol Nurs 1994 ; 10: 58-63 aˆ? Lee SJ, et Al. Discrepancies between patient and physician estimations for the success of root cell organ transplant. J Am Med Assoc 2001 ; 285: 1034-8 aˆ? Andrykowski MA, et Al. â€Å" Returning to normal † following bone marrow organ transplant: results, outlooks, and informed consent. Bone Marrow Transplant 1995 ; 15: 573-81 A elaborate appraisal of BMT receiver ‘s emotional, societal, and psychological wellbeing before BMT is necessary to supply optimum, holistic attention. Distress and depression should be recognized, monitored, documented and treated quickly during the BMT intervention. BMT patients need to be screened at their pre-transplant assignment, at appropriate intervals, and as clinically indicated during the BMT procedure. Distress and depression should be recognized, monitored, documented and treated quickly during the BMT procedure to guarantee positive patient results.

How and When to Apply for Social Security Benefits

How and When to Apply for Social Security Benefits Applying for Social Security benefits is the easy part. You can apply online, by telephone or by walking into your local Social Security office. The hard part is deciding when to apply for your Social Security retirement benefits and rounding up all the documents youll need when you do. Are You Eligible? Becoming eligible to get Social Security retirement requires both reaching a certain age and earning enough Social Security credits. You earn credits by working and paying Social Security taxes. If you were born in 1929 or later, you need 40 credits (10 years of work) to qualify. If you stop working, you stop earning credits until you return to work. No matter what your age is, you cannot get Social Security retirement benefits until you have earned 40 credits.​ How Much Can You Expect to Get? Your Social Security retirement benefit payment is based on how much you made during your working years. The more you earned, the more youll get when you retire. Your Social Security retirement benefit payment is also affected by the age at which you decide to retire. You can retire as early as age 62, but if you retire before your full retirement age, your benefits will be permanently reduced, based on your age. For example, if you retire at age 62, your benefit would be about 25 percent lower than what it would be if you waited until you reach full retirement age. You also need to remember that monthly premiums for ​Medicare Part B are usually deducted from monthly Social Security benefits. Retirement is a great time to look into the pros and cons of a private Medicare Advantage plan.   According to the Social Security Administration, the average monthly benefit paid to retired workers in May 2017 was $1,367.58.   When Should You Retire? Deciding when to retire is totally up to you and your family. Just keep in mind that Social Security replaces only about 40 percent of the average workers pre-retirement income. If you can live comfortably on 40 percent of what youre making at work, problem solved, but financial experts estimate that most people will need 70-80 percent of their pre-retirement income to have a comfortable retirement. To draw full retirement benefits, the following Social Security Administration age rules apply: Born in 1937 or earlier - Full retirement can be drawn at age 65Born in 1938 - Full retirement can be drawn at age 65 years and 2 monthsBorn in 1939 Full retirement can be drawn at age 65 years and 4 monthsBorn in 1940 Full retirement can be drawn at age 65 years and 6 monthsBorn in 1941 Full retirement can be drawn at age 65 years and 8 monthsBorn in 1942 Full retirement can be drawn at age 65 years and 10 monthsBorn in 1943-1954 Full retirement can be drawn at age 66Born in 1955 - Full retirement can be drawn at age 66 and 2 monthsBorn in 1956 Full retirement can be drawn at age 66 and 4 monthsBorn in 1957 Full retirement can be drawn at age 66 and 6 monthsBorn in 1958 Full retirement can be drawn at age 66 and 8 monthsBorn in 1959 Full retirement can be drawn at age 66 and 10 monthsBorn in 1960 or later Full retirement can be drawn at age 67 Remember that while you can begin drawing Social Security retirement benefits at age 62, your benefits will be 25 percent less than what they will be if you wait until your full retirement age as shown above. Also keep in mind that no matter when you start drawing Social Security benefits, you must be 65 to be eligible for Medicare. For example, people who retired at their full retirement age of 67 in 2017 could get a maximum monthly benefit of $2,687, depending on their work and income history. However, the maximum benefit for persons retiring at age 62 in 2017 was only $2,153.   Delayed Retirement: On the other hand, if you wait to retire beyond your full retirement age, your Social Security benefit will automatically increase by a percentage based on your year of birth. For example, if you were born in 1943 or later, Social Security will add 8 percent per year to your benefit for each year that you delay signing up for Social Security beyond your full retirement age. For example, people who waited until age 70 to retire in 2017 could get a maximum benefit of $3,538. Despite getting smaller monthly benefit payments, people who start claiming Social Security retirement benefits at age 62 often have good reasons for doing. Be sure to consider the pros and cons of applying for Social Security benefits at age 62 before doing so. If You Work While Getting Social Security Yes, you can work full or part-time while also getting Social Security retirement benefits. However, if you have not yet reached your full retirement age, and if your net income from working is higher than the annual earnings limit, your annual benefits will be reduced. Beginning in the month you reach full retirement age, Social Security will stop reducing your benefits no matter how much you earn. During any full calendar year in which you are under full retirement age, Social Security deducts $1 from your benefit payments for every $2 you earn above the annual net income limit. The income limit changes every year. In 2017, the income limit was $16,920.   If Health Problems Force You to Retire Early Sometimes health problems force people to retire early. If you cannot work because of health problems, you should consider applying for Social Security disability benefits. The amount of the disability benefit is the same as a full, unreduced retirement benefit. If you are receiving Social Security disability benefits when you reach full retirement age, those benefits will be converted to retirement benefits. Documents You Will Need Whether you apply online or in person, you will need the following information when you apply for your Social Security benefits: Your Social Security numberYour birth certificate, or proof of U.S. citizenshipYour W-2 forms or self-employment tax return (or both) for the last year you workedYour military discharge papers if you served in any branch of the military If you choose to have your benefits paid through direct deposit, you will also need your banks name, your account number and your banks routing number as shown on the bottom of your checks.​ Working While Collecting Social Security Retirement Many people choose or need, to keep working after claiming Social Security retirement benefits. However, if you continue work after claiming early retirement benefits your Social Security benefits may be reduced until you reach your full retirement age. If you retire at age 62, Social Security will deduct money from your retirement check if you exceed a certain amount of earned income for the calendar year. For example, the income limit in 2018 was $17,040 or $1,420 per month. The income limit increases annually. Until you reach your full retirement age, Security will reduce your benefit by $1 for every $2 you earn over the income limit. Once you reach your full retirement age, you will receive your full Social Security retirement benefit with no limitation on how much income you earn from working. The worse news is that Social Security does not apply the early retirement work penalty by simply deducting a small amount from each monthly benefit check. Instead, the agency may withhold several months’ entire checks until the total reduction is paid off. This means your annual budget will have to account for a certain number of months without a benefit check. Complete details on this decidedly complicated process can be found in Social Security’s pamphlet on â€Å"How Work Affects Your Benefits.† You can also use Social Security’s earnings test calculator to see how much your reduction will be and when your checks will be withheld. Also note that if lose your job, you may still qualify for unemployment benefits even though you are also collecting Social Security retirement benefits.

Delgado Surname Meaning and Origin

Delgado Surname Meaning and Origin The Delgado surname was originally bestowed as a  nickname for a thin person, from the Spanish/Portuguese delgado, meaning thin, slender. The term originated from the Latin delicatus, meaning dainty or exquisite. Delgado is the 46th most common Hispanic surname. Surname Origin:  Spanish, Portuguese Alternate Surname Spellings:  DELGATO, DELGADILLO, DELGARDO, DELEGADO, DELAGADO Famous People with the Surname DELGADO Carlos Delgado - Puerto Rican baseball playerIssac Delgado - Cuban salsa/timba starPedro Delgado - Spanish professional cyclist and former winner of the Tour de FranceHumberto da Silva Delgado - General of the Portuguese Air ForceJames Delgado -  maritime archaeologist, explorer and authorChiquinquir Delgado  - Venezuelan television host, actress and modelJosà © Manuel Rodrà ­guez Delgado - Spanish neuroscientist, famed for his research into electrical stimulation of the brain Where Do People With the DELGADO Surname Live? The surname distribution data at  Forebears  ranks Delgado as the 433rd most common surname in the world, identifying it as most prevalent in Mexico and with the highest density in Cape Verde. The Delgado surname is the 14th most common surname in Cape Verde, 26th in Ecuador, 30th in Cuba, 34th in Spain and 36th in Venezuela. The Delgato spelling is most prevalent in the United States, especially in California, Florida, Texas, New York and Pennsylvania. The Delgado surname is prevalent throughout most of Spain, according to  WorldNames PublicProfiler,  with the greatest numbers of individuals named Delgado found in the Canary Islands, followed by the provinces of western Spain. Genealogy Resources for the Surname DELGADO 100 Most Common Spanish Surnames: Have you ever wondered about your Spanish last name and how it came to be? This article describes common Spanish naming patterns and explores the meaning and origins of 100 common Spanish surnames.How to Research Hispanic Heritage: Learn how to get started researching  your Hispanic ancestors, including the basics of family tree research and country specific organizations, genealogical records, and resources for Spain, Latin America, Mexico, Brazil, the Caribbean, and other Spanish speaking countries.Delgado Family Crest - Its Not What You Think: Contrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Delgado family crest or coat of arms for the Delgado surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.  The Delgado DNA Project: The Delgado Family Project seeks to find common heritage among males with the Delgado last name through the sharing of information and DNA testing. DELGADO Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Delgado surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Delgado query.FamilySearch - DELGADO Genealogy: Access over 1.6 million free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Delgado surname and its variations on this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.DELGADO Surname Family Mailing Lists: This free mailing list for researchers of the Delgado surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages.DistantCousin.com - DELGADO Genealogy Family History: Explore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Delgado.The Delgado Genealogy and Family Tree Page: Browse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Delgado from the website of Genealogy Today. -References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Managing the Employment Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Managing the Employment Relationship - Essay Example In other cases, the employee hold over management is strong and the latter often will have to bend to the former’s demands. In the third scenario, there is excellent rapport between both the groups. This paper is an advisory to the management of XYZ Company Ltd (referred to as XYZ throughout the paper) regarding the current set of problems faced by it. It will look at the range of issues involved and will provide practical solutions in overcoming them. The management is advised to be patient and understanding of the situation and also the demands of the employees. The first section of the advisory deals with an overview of employment relations (and related factors) in order to stress its importance to the management of XYX. The next section will deal with solutions by applying the theoretical knowledge into the workplace. The current situation in XYZ: The company is engaged in the business of manufacturing automobile spare parts and is an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) for some of the automobile manufactures in UK. The quality and commitment of the management and employees ensured consistent growth in business each year. It is also indicative of the outstanding employee relationship that existed within the company in the past. XYZ, has recently expanded in order to keep up with orders and now employs over 100 employees. The growth of the company has meant a lot of change in recent years, communication with staff has suffered, and now a number of the staff has informed management that they wish to be represented by a trade union and for management to recognise that trade union. A few examples of communication issues are provided here. Before expansion, the structure of the company was flat and even the factory workers had (informal) access to top management. Due to its flat structure, communica tion from top to bottom was quick and clear. If workers had any problems or suggestions, they could either communicate it directly

Text analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Text analysis - Essay Example Surprisingly extremely little effort on the portrayal of the Africans Americans in the television has been undertaken (Campbell 11). Bussing and segregation have been the early forms of racism associated with the U.S. news casting; these issues could fuel the whites to racial prejudice of the African Americans (Campbell 12). The author has written that Africans Americans were normally associated with poverty. They were over represented poor according to the content analysis of the author (Campbell 12). By this analyzation of them been poor in the news televisions, Africans Americans could also bear issues associated with poverty such as laziness and the under observation of the welfare assistance (Campbell 13). Entman did a study on this issue whereby his results showed that Africans Americans presentation occurred largely as crime victims (Campbell 14). Africans Americans were more likely to appear in crime sites and as perpetrators in drug issues on most of the local news (Campbell 14). Another observation was that the Africans Americans political interest was normally limited in the news presentation (Campbell 15). This perpetuation needed the Africans Americans to raise their voices to so as their hearing could occur (Campbell 15). The author is indicating how stereotypes, network news, and modern racism relate to one another (Campbell 16). According to this documentation, Africans Americans are typically associated with the roles such as noisy politicians, criminals and poor citizens on the news of a local network. The increase in modern racism leads to three components (Campbell 16). First is the resistance to the political demands of the African Americans, secondly is the general hostility that is portrayed emotionally towards the Africans Americans, lastly is the belief in the death of racism and that the racial discrimination no longer inhibits the achievement of the African Americans (Campbell 17). According to the author, African